Gearbox, vehicles with such gearbox, method for controlling such gearbox, computer program for contr

专利摘要:
Summary The invention relates to a gearbox comprising an input shaft (8) and an output shaft (20); a first planetary shaft (10) coupled to the input shaft (8); a second planetary gear (12) coupled to the first planetary gear (10); a first electric machine (14) coupled to the first planetary gear (10); a second electrical machine (16) coupled to the second planetary gear (12); a first major axis (34) coupled to the first planetary axis (10); a second major axis (36) coupled to the second planetary axis (12). A first controllable coupling unit (56), is arranged to releasably connect two rotatable components (22, 26, 50) of the first planetary gear (10) and a second controllable coupling unit (58), is arranged to releasably connect two rotatable components (28, 32, 51) of the second planetary shaft (12), so that the speed and / or torque of the first and second main shafts (34, 36) can be affected by controlling the first and / or the second coupling unit (56, 58) to one for the rotatable components (22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51) interconnected or disengaged bearing. The invention also relates to a vehicle (1) comprising such a gearbox (2) and a method for controlling such a gearbox (2). The invention also relates to a computer program (P) for controlling a gearbox and a computer program product comprising program code for an electronic control unit (48) or another computer (53) for implementing the method according to the invention.
公开号:SE1450307A1
申请号:SE1450307
申请日:2014-03-20
公开日:2014-09-28
发明作者:Johan Lindström；Mathias Björkman；Niklas Pettersson；Mikael Bergquist
申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART The present invention relates to a gearbox according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a gearbox according to the preamble of claim 15, a method for controlling such a gearbox according to the preamble of claim 16, a computer program for controlling a gearbox according to the preamble of claim 21, and a computer program product comprising program code according to claim 21. the preamble of claim 22.
Hybrid vehicles can be driven by a primal engine, which can be an internal combustion engine, and a secondary engine, which can be an electric machine. The electrical machine is equipped with at least one energy storage, such as an electrochemical energy storage for storing electrical energy and control equipment for regulating the flow of electrical energy between the energy storage and the electrical machine. The electric machine can chimed alternately work as motor and generator depending on the operating condition of the vehicle. When the vehicle is braked, the electric machine generates electrical energy which is stored in the energy store. This is usually called regenerative braking, which means that the vehicle is braked with the help of the electric machine and the internal combustion engine. The stored electrical energy is later used for operation of the vehicle.
A planetary gear usually comprises three components which are rotatably arranged in relation to each other, namely a sun gear, a planet gear holder and a ring gear. With knowledge of the number of teeth of the sun gear and the ring gear, the onboard speeds of the three components can be determined during operation. One of the components of the planetary shaft may be connected to an output shaft of an internal combustion engine. This component of the planetary shaft thus rotates at a speed corresponding to the speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine. A second component of the planetary gear may be connected by an input shaft to a gearbox. This component of the planetary shaft thus rotates at the same speed as the input shaft of the gearbox. A third component of the planetary gear is to provide hybrid operation connected to a rotor of an electric machine. This component of the planetary shaft thus rotates at the same speed as the rotor of the electric machine if they are directly connected 2 to each other. Alternatively, the electric machine may be connected to the third component of the planetary gear via a transmission having a gear ratio. In this case, the electric machine and the third component of the planetary gear can rotate at different speeds. The speed and / or torque of electrical machines can be regulated steplessly. During operating cases when the input shaft to the gearbox is to be given a desired speed and / or torque, a control unit calculates, with knowledge of the combustion engine speed, the speed at which the third component must be driven in order for the input shaft to the gearbox to obtain the desired speed. . A control unit activates the electric machine, so that it gives the third component the calculated speed and thus the input shaft to the gearbox the desired speed.
By coupling the output shaft of the internal combustion engine, the rotor of the electric machine and the input shaft of the gearbox to a planetary shaft, the conventional coupling mechanism can be avoided. When accelerating the vehicle, an increased torque must be delivered from the internal combustion engine and the electric machine to the gearbox and on to the vehicle's drive wheel. Since both the internal combustion engine and the electric machine are connected to the planetary gear, the largest possible torque supplied by the internal combustion engine and the electric machine will be limited by any of these drives, whose highest torque is lower than the highest torque of the other drive unit. If the maximum torque of the electric machine is lower than the maximum torque of the internal combustion engine, taking into account the gear ratio between them, the electric machine will not form a sufficiently large reaction torque to the planetary gear, which means that the internal combustion engine cannot transmit its highest torque to the gearbox. and on to the vehicle's drive wheel. Thus, the highest transferable torque to the gearbox is limited by the strength of the electric machine. This is also evident from the so-called planetary equation.
Utilizing a conventional clutch that disengages the input shaft of the gearbox from the internal combustion engine during shifting processes in the gearbox entailed disadvantages, such as heating of the clutch slats, which results in wear of the clutch slats and also increased fuel consumption. In addition, a conventional coupling mechanism is relatively heavy and expensive. It also occupies a relatively large space in the vehicle.
Document EP-B 1 - 1 1269 87 shows a gearbox with double planetary shafts. The sun gear of each planetary gear is connected to an electric machine and the ring wheels of the planetary gears are connected to each other. The planetary gear housings of each planetary gear are connected to a number of gear pairs, in such a way that an infinite number of gear steps are obtained. Another document, EP-B1-1280677, also shows how the planetary shafts can be bridged with a gear step arranged on the output shaft of the internal combustion engine.
The document US-A1-20050227803 shows a vehicle transmission with two electric machines, which are connected to the respective sun wheels of two planetary shafts. The planetary shafts have a common planetary gear carrier, which is connected to the input shaft of the transmission.
Document WO2008 / 046185-A 1 shows a hybrid transmission with two planetary shafts, in which an electric machine is connected to one planetary shaft and a double coupling cooperates with the other planetary shaft. The two planetary gears also cooperate with each other via a gear transmission.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Despite known solutions in the field, there is a need to further develop a gearbox which shifts without torque interruption, which has a regenerative braking device, which has a compact design, has high reliability and high operational reliability and which exhibits lawful weight and under certain operating conditions. is self-sufficient in electricity.
In a vehicle, the available space for the drive device is often limited. If the drive device comprises a plurality of components, such as an internal combustion engine, an electric machine, a gearbox and a planetary gear, the construction must be compact. In the case of additional components, such as a regenerative braking device, there shall be no other requirement that the components included in the drive device have a compact construction. At the same time, the components included in the drive device must be designed with dimensions that can absorb the required forces and torques.
For certain types of vehicles, especially heavy trucks and buses, a large number of gear steps are required.
This increases the number of components in the gearbox, which must also be dimensioned to be able to absorb large hails and torques that occur in such heavy vehicles. This results in an increase in the size and weight of the gearbox. 4 There are also requirements for high reliability and high operational reliability of the components that are in the drive device. In the event that the gearbox contains lamella couplings, wear occurs which impairs the reliability and service life of the gearbox.
In regenerative braking, rudder energy is converted into electrical energy, which is stored in an energy storage, such as accumulators. One factor that affects the life of the energy storage is the number of cycles that the energy storage supplies and absorbs power to and from the electrical machines. The more cycles, the shorter the lifespan of the energy store.
The object of the present invention is to provide a gearbox which alternates without torque interruption.
A further object of the invention is to provide a gearbox with a regenerative braking device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gearbox having a compact construction.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gearbox which has high reliability and high operational reliability.
Another object of the invention is to provide a gearbox for a vehicle which is of light weight.
Another object of the invention is to provide a shaft charger for a vehicle which can be directly coupled to a shaft extending for the gear shaft.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gearbox which, under certain operating conditions, is self-sufficient in electricity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gearbox with a regenerative braking device which increases the service life of an energy storage connected to the generative braking device.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and advantageous computer program for controlling the gearbox.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a gearbox in a hybrid driveline which can be controlled without the action of an internal combustion engine.
These objects are achieved with the vdxelladan stated in the introduction, which can be characterized by the features stated in the cantilevered part of claim 1.
These objects are also achieved with the vehicle stated in the introduction, which can be characterized by the features stated in the marking part of claim 15.
These objects are further achieved by the method for controlling the gearbox stated in the introduction, which can be characterized by the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 16.
These objects are also achieved with the computer program for controlling the gearbox stated in the introduction, which can be characterized by the features set out in the pitched part of claim 21.
These objects are then achieved with the computer program product for controlling the gearbox stated in the introduction, which can be characterized by the features set out in the can-drawing part of claim 22.
By providing the gearbox with two planetary gears, according to the invention a transmission is obtained which gears without torque interruption. The electrical machines, which are connected to the planetary gear units, can generate current and / or supply torques depending on the desired operating condition. The electric machines can also supply each other with power during certain operating conditions. With the gearbox according to the invention, conventional connections between the internal combustion engine and the gearbox can be avoided.
A first controllable coupling unit is arranged to releasably connect two rotatable components of the first planetary gearbox and a second controllable coupling unit is arranged to releasably connect two rotatable components of the second planetary shaft. Thus, the speed and / or the torque of the first and the second main shaft can be influenced by controlling the first and / or the second coupling unit to a position connected or disengaged for the rotatable components.
A third controllable coupling unit can be arranged to releasably connect a component rotatable in the first planetary gear and a gear housing with each other. A fourth controllable coupling unit may be arranged to releasably interconnect a component rotatable in the second planetary gear and a gear housing with each other. Thus, the speed and / or the torque of the first and the second main shaft can be influenced by controlling the third and / or the fourth coupling unit to a position connected or disengaged for the rotatable components.
According to one embodiment, a first and a second coupling unit are arranged between planetary gear carriers and sun gear at the respective planetary shafts. The purpose of the coupling units is to load the respective planet gear holders with the sun gear. When the planetary gear carrier and the sun gear are connected to each other, the force from the internal combustion engine will pass through the planetary gear carrier, the clutch unit, the sun gear and on to the gearbox, which means that the planetary gear does not absorb torque. This means that the dimension of the planet gears can only be adapted to the torque of the electric machine instead of the torque of the internal combustion engine, which in turn means that the planet gears can be made with smaller dimensions. Thus, a drive device according to the invention is obtained which has a compact construction, low weight and low manufacturing cost.
The coupling units preferably comprise an annular sleeve which is displaced axially between a coupled and uncoupled bearing. The sleeve essentially concentrically encloses the rotating components of the gearbox and is moved between the connected and disconnected layers by means of a force element.
This results in a compact design with low weight and low manufacturing cost.
According to one embodiment, a welding mechanism is provided for firmly connecting the output shaft of the internal combustion engine to the housing of the gearbox. Damned will also have the first planetary gear housing attached to the gearbox housing. By means of the welding mechanism, the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the first planetary gear carrier with the gearbox housing are fixed by means of the welding mechanism, the gearbox and thus the vehicle are adapted for electric operation of the electric machines. The electric machines thus emit a torque to the output shaft of the gearbox. The gearbox can be provided with a number of pairs of gears, which include with a side shaft mechanically loadable and disengageable gears. This provides a number of fixed gear steps, which can be changed without interruption of torque. The gears that can be loaded on the side axle also mean that a compact design with high reliability and high operational reliability is obtained. Alternatively, gear units which are present in the pair of gears can be arranged to be load-free and detachable on the first and / or second main shaft, or the pair of gears each having a gear ratio which is adapted to the desired driving characteristics of the vehicle. The gear pair with the highest gear ratio, in relation to the other gear pairs, is suitably engaged when the 15th gear gear is engaged.
To disengage the sun gear and planet gear holder of the respective planetary gearbox, the first and / or the second electric machine is controlled, so that the torque balance lines in the planetary gearbox. When a torque balance has been achieved, the first or the second coupling unit is displaced, so that the sun gear and the planetary gear holder are no longer mechanically connected to each other.
Torque balance refers to a condition in which a torque acts on a ring gear arranged at the planetary gear, corresponding to the product of the torque acting on the planetary gear's planetary gear holder and the planetary gear's gear ratio while a torque acts on the planetary gear's sun gear, corresponding to the torque exchange ratio). In the event that two of the planetary gear unit's input parts, sun gear, ring gear or planet wheel holder, are connected by means of a coupling unit, opposite this coupling unit no torque between the planetary gear shaft parts or torque balance lines. This allows the coupling unit to be easily displaced and the non-parts of the planetary gear unit to be disengaged.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following, by way of example, preferred embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 schematically shows a vehicle in a side view with a gearbox according to the present invention, Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the gearbox according to the present invention, Fig. 3 shows a principle sketch of the gearbox according to different embodiments, Fig. 4 shows a schematic side view of the gearbox according to an embodiment, Fig. shows a schematic view of the gearbox according to the present invention, and Fig. 6 shows a flow chart regarding a method for controlling the gearbox according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a vehicle 1, which comprises a gearbox 2 according to the present invention. An internal combustion engine 4 is connected to the gearbox 2 and the gearbox 2 is further connected to the drive wheel 6 of the vehicle 1.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the gearbox 2 according to the present invention. The gearbox 2 comprises an input shaft 8, a first and a second planetary shaft 10, respectively. 12, a first and second electric machine 14 resp. 16 and an output shaft 20. The first planetary shaft 10 has a first ring gear 22 to which a first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 is connected. The first planetary gear 10 also has a first sun gear 26. The second planetary gear 12 has a second ring gear 28 to which a second rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 is connected. The second planetary gear 12 has a second sun gear 32. The first and second sun wheels 26 resp. 32 are arranged coaxially. According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, a first main shaft 34 arranged on the first sun gear 26 is designed to extend inside a second main shaft 36 arranged on the second sun wheel 32, which is provided with a central bore 38. It is also possible to arrange the the first main shaft 34 is parallel to and adjacent to the second main shaft 36. The first and second main shafts 34, 36 are connected to the output shaft via a transmission device 19, which may have any number of gear stages. This will be explained in more detail below. The first electric machine 14 is provided with a first stator 40, which is connected to the vehicle 1, via a switch housing 42 surrounding the shaft shaft 2. The second electric machine 16 is provided with a second stator 44, which is connected to the vehicle 1. via the gear housing 42 surrounding the gearbox 2. The first and second electrical machines 16 are connected to an energy storage 46, such as a battery, which, depending on the operating condition of the vehicle 1, drives the electrical machines 14 and 14, respectively. 16. In other operating conditions, the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 operate as generators, whereby power is supplied to the energy storage 46. An electronic control unit 48 is connected to the energy storage 46 and controls the power supply to the electrical machines 14 resp. 16. Preferably, the energy storage 46 is connected to the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 via a switch 49, which is connected to the control unit 48. In certain operating cases, the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 also drive each other. Electrical energy is then conducted from one electrical machine 14, 16 to the other electrical machine 14, 16 via the switch 49 connected to the electrical machines 14, 16. This makes it possible to achieve a power balance between the electrical machines 14, 16. Another computer 53 can also be connected to the control unit 48 and the switchgear 2. By conducting electrical energy from one electrical machine 14, 16 to the other electrical machine 14, 16 via switch 49, electrical energy will not be conducted to and from the energy storage 46. This creates the conditions for an increased service life of the energy storage 46. It also makes it possible to carry out the changes and drive the vehicle 1 completely without an energy storage 46.
According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the first planetary gear 10 is provided with a first planet gear holder 50, on which a first and set of planet gears 52 are mounted. The second planetary gear 12 is provided with a second planet gear holder 51, on which a second set of planet gears 54 are mounted. The first set of planet gears 52 cooperates with the first ring gear 22 and the first sun gear 26. The second set of planet gears 54 cooperates with the second ring gear 28 and the second sun gear 32. The input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 is connected to the first planet gear holder 50. The first planetary gear wheel 50 50 of the first planetary gear 10 is directly and fixedly connected to the second sun gear 32 of the second planetary gear 12. Thus, the first planet gear carrier 50 and the second sun gear 32 will always have the same direction of rotation and the same speed.
A first coupling unit 56 is arranged between the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50. By employing the first coupling unit 56, the first sun wheel 22 and the first planet wheel holder 50 are connected to each other and thus can not rotate in relation to each other, the first planet gear carrier 50 and the first sun gear 26 will rotate at equal speeds.
A second clutch unit 58 is arranged between the second sun gear 28 and the second planet gear holder 51. By arranging the second clutch unit 58, so that the second sun wheel 28 and the second planet wheel holder 51 are connected to each other and thus can not rotate in relation to each other, the second planet gear holder 51 and the second sun gear 32 will rotate at equal speeds.
Preferably, the first and second coupling units 56, 58 comprise a first and second splined coupling sleeve 55 and 55, respectively. 57, which is axially displaceable on one with the first resp. second planetary gear carrier 50 resp. 51 splines-intended part and on one with resp. sun wheel 26 resp. 32 splines intention party. By shifting resp. coupling sleeve 55, 57, so that the splined portions are connected via resp. coupling sleeve 55, 57 becomes the first planet gear holder 50 and the first sun gear 26 resp. the second planet gear carrier 51 and the second sun gear 32 are embedded in load with each other and cannot rotate in relation to each other. The first and second coupling units 56, 58 thus function as welds between the components 26, 50, 28, 51 entering the planetary shafts. The first and second coupling units 56, 58 according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 are arranged between the first sun gear 26 and the first planetary gear carrier 50 and 50, respectively. between the second sun gear 28 and the second planetary gear carrier 1. However, it is possible to arrange an additional or alternative coupling unit (not shown) between the first ring gear 22 and the first planetary gear carrier 50, and also to arrange an additional or alternative coupling unit (not shown). ) between the second ring gear 28 and the second planet gear holder 51.
A third clutch unit 59 is in this embodiment arranged between the first ring gear 22 and the gear housing 42. By fitting the third clutch unit 59, so that the first ring gear 22 and the gear housing 42 are connected to each other and thus can not rotate in relation to each other, a downshifting of torque takes place, that is to say an upshifting of the speed takes place frail the planet wheel holder 50 to the first sun wheel 26.
A fourth clutch unit 61 is in this embodiment arranged between the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42. By actuating the fourth clutch unit 61, said that the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42 are connected to each other and thus can not rotate in relation to each other, downshifting of torque will take place, i.e. an upshifting of the speed will take place from the planet gear holder 50 to the second sun gear 32.
Preferably, the third and fourth coupling units 59, 61 comprise a third and fourth splined coupling sleeve 65 and 65, respectively. 67, which is axially displaceable on one with the first resp. second ring wheel 22 resp. 28 splines intended portion and on one with the gear housing 42 splines intended portion. By shifting resp. coupling sleeve 65, 67, so that the splined portions are connected via resp. coupling sleeve 65, 67 becomes the first ring wheel 22 and the gear housing 42 resp. the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42 are embedded in load with each other and cannot rotate in relation to each other. The third and fourth coupling units 59, 61 thus function as earthing devices between the above-mentioned components 22, 42, 28.
During operation, the gearbox 2 can in certain operating cases work so that one of the sun wheels 26 resp. 32 is read against the first resp. second planetary gear carrier 50 resp. 51 with the help of the first resp. second coupling unit 56 resp. 58. The first resp. second main shaft 34 resp. 36 then receives the same speed as the input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2, depending on which sun gear 22 resp. 28, which is fixed with resp. planetary gear rack 50 resp. 51. One or both of the electric machines 14 resp. 16 can work as a generator to generate electrical energy for the energy storage 46. Alternatively, the electrical machine 14 resp. 16 whose ring wheels 22 resp. 28 is connected to the planetary gear holder 50 to provide a torque supplement so as to increase the torque of the output shaft 20. During certain operating cases, the electric machines 14 and 16 to supply each other with electrical energy, independent of the energy storage 46.
During operation, the gearbox 2 can also in certain operating cases work so that one of the rotors 24 resp. 30 of the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 is welded to the gear housing 42 via the ring wheels 22 resp. 28 while the second electric machine 14 resp. 16 operates as a generator to generate electrical energy for the energy storage 46, which will be explained in more detail below. The electric machine 14 resp. 16 whose rotor 24 resp. Is fastened with the gear housing 42 occupies a reaction moment from the ring wheel 22 resp. 28 before the fixing is performed with the help of the third resp. fourth coupling unit 59 resp. 61. Instead of working as a generator, the electric machine 14 resp. 16 provide a torque supplement to increase the torque of the output shaft 20. It is also possible to both the first and second electric machine 14 resp. 16 simultaneously generates power to the energy storage 46. During engine braking, the driver releases the vehicle's accelerator pedal (not shown). The output shaft 20 of the shaft load 2 then drives one or both of the electric machines 14 resp. 16 at the same time as the internal combustion engine 4 and the electric machines 14 resp. 16 engine brakes. The electric machines 14 resp. 16 generates has electrical energy stored in the energy storage 46 in the vehicle 1. This operating condition is called regenerative braking. In order to enable more powerful braking action, the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 can be locked and thus prevented from rotating. Thus, only one or the two electric machines 14 resp. 16 to act as a brake and 16 to generate electrical energy, which is stored in the energy storage 46. The welding of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 can also be performed when the vehicle is to be accelerated by only one or both electric machines 14 resp. 16. If the combined reaction moment of one or the two electric machines 14, 16 through the planetary shafts 14, 16 overcomes the torque of the internal combustion engine 4, the internal combustion engine 4 will not form to line up against the large torque which the electric machines 14 resp. 16, for which purpose a welding of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 becomes necessary. The welding of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 is preferably performed with a welding device 102, which is arranged between the first planetary gear carrier 50 and the gear housing 42. By welding the first planetary gear carrier 50 and the gear housing 42, the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 the shaft 97 is connected to the first planetary gear carrier 50 via the input shaft 8 of the gearbox. The locking device 102 preferably comprises a splined eighth coupling sleeve 104, which is axially displaceable on a portion provided with the first planetary gear carrier 50 and on a portion provided with the gearbox. By displacing the eighth coupling sleeve 104, so that the splined portions are connected via the coupling sleeve 104, the first planet gear holder 50 and thus the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 are prevented from rotating.
The control unit 48 is connected to the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 and is adapted to control the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 said that in certain applicable operating conditions they use stored electrical energy to supply driving force to the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 and in other operating cases they use the kinetic energy of the output shaft 20 of the output shaft 2 to extract and store electrical energy. The control unit 48 thus senses the speed and / or torque of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 via sensors 98 arranged at the electrical machines 14 and 14, respectively. 16 and the shaft 20 emanating from the gearbox 2 to thereby obtain information and 13 control the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 to work as electric motors or generators. The controller 48 may be a computer with appropriate software for this purpose. The control unit 48 also controls the flow of electrical energy between the energy storage 46 and resp. stator 40 resp. 44 of the electrical machines 14 resp. 16. In the event that the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 works as a motor for stored electrical energy from the energy storage 46 to resp. stator 40 resp. 44. In cases where the electric machines 14 resp. 16 works as a generator supplied with electrical energy frail resp. stator 40 resp. 44 to the energy storage 46. However, as mentioned above, the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 in certain operating cases supply each other with electrical energy, independent of the energy storage 46.
The first, second, third and fourth switching units 56, 58, 59 and 61, are connected via their respective coupling sleeves to the control unit 48. These components are preferably activated and deactivated by electrical signals from the control unit 48. The coupling sleeves are preferably displaced by power means (not shown), such as hydraulically or pneumatically driven cylinders. It is also possible to displace the coupling sleeves with electrically driven power means.
Fig. 3 shows a principle sketch of the gearbox according to different embodiments. The first planetary gear 10 comprises the three components a first ring gear 22, a first sun gear 26 and a first planet gear holder 50. According to Fig. 3 the different components are also indicated as R1, Cl and Si where R1 corresponds to the first ring wheel 22, Cl the first planet wheel holder 50 and Si the first sun gear 26. Correspondingly, the second planetary gear 12 comprises the three components a second ring gear 28, a second sun gear 32 and a second planetary gear holder 51. According to Fig. 3 the different components of the second planetary gear 12 are also indicated as R2 , C2 and S2 where R2 corresponds to the second ring gear 28, C2 to the second planet gear holder 51 and S2 to the second sun gear 32. Thus, the basic design of the gearbox 2 in Fig. 3 corresponds to the design shown in Fig. 2 above.
According to the basic embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the first main shaft 34 is arranged at the first sun gear 26 and the second main shaft 36 is arranged on the second planet wheel holder 51.
The first ring gear 22 is connected to the first electric machine 14 and the second ring wheel 28 is connected to the second electric machine 16. The internal combustion engine 4 is connected via the input shaft 8 to the first planet gear holder 50. The first coupling unit 56 is arranged between the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50. The second clutch unit 58 is arranged between the second sun wheel 28 and the second planet wheel holder 51. The third clutch unit 59 is arranged between the first ring wheel 22 and the gear housing 42 and the fourth clutch unit 61 is arranged between the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42. A locking device 102 is arranged between the first planetary gear carrier 50 and the gearbox housing 42. According to the basic embodiment of the gearbox shown in Fig. 3, the first planetary gear carrier 50 is connected to the second sun gear 32.
However, as shown in Fig. 3, there are a number of different combinations for how the component term of the first and second planetary shafts 10, 12 can be combined to be connected to the internal combustion engine 4, the first and second electric machines 14, 16 and the first and second main shafts 34. , 36. As can be seen from Fig. 3, six different combinations are indicated how ring wheels R1, R2, planet gear holders C1, C2 and sun wheels S1, S2 can be arranged at the first and second planetary shafts 10, 12. However, certain combinations are not practically feasible.
A combination which is practically realizable in addition to the combination for the basic embodiment is R1, S1, C1 of the first planetary gear 10 and R2, S2, C2 of the second planetary gear 12.
Thus, the first ring gear R1 of the first planetary gear 10 would be connected to the first electric machine, the first sun gear Si would be connected to the internal combustion engine 4 and the first planet gear holder C1 would be connected to the first main shaft 34. At the second planetary gear 12, the second ring gear would R2 be connected to the second electric machine, the second sun gear S2 be connected to the second main shaft 36 and the second planetary gear holder C2 be connected to the first sun wheel Si.
Another combination that is practically realizable is R1, S1, C1 of the first planetary gear 10 and R2, C2, S2 of the second planetary gear 12. Thus, the first ring gear R1 of the first planetary gear 10 would be connected to the first electric machine, the the first sun gear Si be connected to the internal combustion engine 4 and the first planet gear holder C1 be connected to the first main shaft 34. At the second planet gear 12 the second ring gear R2 would be connected to the second electric machine, the second planet wheel holder C2 would be connected to the second main shaft 36 and the second sun gear S2 be coupled to the first sun wheel Si.
In various combinations above, it may also be advantageous to arrange an additional or alternative coupling unit 63 between the first ring gear 22 and the first planet gear holder 50, and also to arrange an additional or alternative coupling unit 69 between the second ring wheel 28 and the second planet wheel holder 51.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic side view of the gearbox 2 according to an embodiment. A transmission device 19 comprises a first gear pair 60, which is arranged between the first planetary gear and the output shaft 20. The first gear pair 60 comprises a first gear gear 62 and a first gear 64, which are engaged with each other. A second gear pair 66 is disposed between the second planetary gear 12 and the output shaft 20. The second gear pair 66 includes a second gear gear 68 and a second gear 70, which are engaged with each other.
A third gear pair 72 is disposed between the second planetary gear 12 and the output shaft 20. The third gear pair 72 comprises a third gear gear 74 and a third gear 76, which are engaged with each other. A fourth gear pair 78 is disposed between the second planetary gear 12 and the output shaft 20. The fourth gear pair 78 includes a fourth gear gear 80 and a fourth gear 82, which are engaged with each other.
On the first main shaft 34, the first and third gear gears 62 and 62, respectively. 74 arranged. The first and third gears 62 and 62, respectively. 74 are fixedly connected to the first main shaft 34 so that they cannot rotate in relation to the first main shaft 34. On the second main shaft 36 the second and fourth gears 68 and 80 arranged. The second and fourth gear gears 68, respectively. 80 are fixedly connected to the second main shaft 36, so that they cannot rotate in relation to the second main shaft 36.
A side shaft 18 extends substantially parallel to the first and second main shafts 34 and 34, respectively. 36. On the side shaft 18, the first, second, third and fourth gears 64, 70, 76 and 76, respectively. 82 stored arranged. The first gear 62 engages the first gear 64, the second gear 68 engages the second gear 70, the third gear 74 engages the third gear 76 and the fourth gear 80 engages the fourth gear.
The first, second, third and fourth gears 64, 70, 76 resp. 82 can be individually fixed and disengaged on the side shaft 18 by means of first, second, third and fourth coupling elements 84, 86, 88 and 88, respectively. 90. Coupling elements 84, 86, 88 resp. 90 is preferably formed on the gears 64, 70, 76 resp. 82 and the side shaft 18 are formed with splined portions which cooperate with fifth and sixth coupling sleeves 83, 85, which mechanically engage with the splined portions 16 of the first to fourth gears 64, 70, 76 and 76, respectively. 82 and the side shaft 18. The first and third coupling elements 84, 88 are preferably provided with a common coupling sleeve 83 and the second and fourth coupling elements 86, 90 are preferably provided with a common coupling sleeve 85. In the disengaged layer a relative rotation may occur. and gears 64, 70, 76 resp. 82 and the side shaft 18. The coupling elements 84, 86, 88 resp. 90 can also consist of friction couplings. a fifth gear 92 is also arranged on the side shaft 18, which engages with a sixth gear 94, which is arranged on the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2.
The fifth and sixth gears 92 resp. 94 will function as a fifth pair of gears 21, which opposite the torque to the output shaft 20 of the gear shaft 2.
Torque transmission from the input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 to the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 can take place via the first or the second planetary gear 10 or 12 and the side shaft 18. The torque transmission can also take place directly via the first planetary shaft 10, whose first sun gear 26 via the first main shaft 34 is connected to the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 via a coupling mechanism 96 when the flap of the gearbox 2 5. at least three gears engaged. The coupling mechanism 96 preferably includes a splined seventh coupling sleeve 100 which is axially displaceable on the first major shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 splined portions. By displacing the seventh coupling sleeve 100, so that the splined portions are connected via the seventh coupling sleeve 100, the first main shaft 34 is fixed to the output shaft 20, which upon rotation will thus have the same speed.
According to the exemplary embodiments in Figs. 2 and 4, four gear gears 62, 68, 74 and 80 and four gears 64, 70, 76 respectively. 82 and two planetary gears 10 resp. 12 with associated electrical machines 14 resp. 16. However, it is possible to design a gearbox. 2 with more or fewer gear gears and gears and with more planetary gears with associated electrical machines.
The first, second, third and fourth coupling elements 84, 86, 88 resp. 90, the coupling mechanism 96 between the first main shaft 34 and the output shaft 20, and the locking device 102 between the first planet gear holder 50 and the gear housing 42 are connected to the control unit 48. via their respective coupling sleeves. These components are preferably activated and deactivated by electrical signals from the control unit 48 The coupling sleeves are preferably displaced by 17 power means (not shown), such as hydraulically or pneumatically driven cylinders. It is also possible to displace the coupling sleeves with electrically driven power means.
According to Fig. 5, the hybrid driveline 3 according to Fig. 2 is illustrated in a simplified schematic view where certain components have been omitted for the sake of clarity. Fig. 5 shows a gear pair G1 connected to the first main shaft 34 and thus to the first planetary shaft 10 and a gear pair G2 connected to the second main shaft 36 and thus to the second planetary shaft 12. These gear pairs G1, G2 are also connected to the output shaft 20 via the side shaft 18. The gear pair G1 connected to the first main shaft 34 may, for example, be the first gear pair 60 or the third gear pair 72, as described in Figs. 2 and 4, and may also include additional gear pairs. The gear pair G2 connected to the second main shaft 36 may, for example, be the second gear pair 66 or the fourth gear pair 78, which is also described in Figs. 2 and 4, and may include additional gear pairs. Furthermore, the fifth gear pair G3, 21 connected to the output shaft 20 and the side shaft 18 is shown, which is also described in Figs. 2 and 4. However, G3 can be formed by additional gear pairs. When changing, select an appropriate pair of gears from each group G1, G2 and G3.
The at least one pair of gears G1, 60, 72 connected to the first planetary gear 10 comprises at least one geared gear 62, 74 and gear 64, 76 arranged in engagement with each other, which gear gear 62, 74 can be connectably and disengageably arranged thereon with the first gear. the at least one gear 64, 76 can be coupled and disengageable on the side shaft 18.
The at least one pair of gears G2, 66, 78 connected to the second planetary gear 12 comprises at least one geared gear 68, 80 and gears 70, 82 arranged in engagement with each other, which gear gear 68, 80 can be coupled and disengaged thereon with the first gear. the at least one gear 70, 82 can also be detachably arranged on the side shaft 18.
In the following, an upshift from the first to the highest gear is described when the gear shaft 2 is arranged in a vehicle 1. The input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 is connected to the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 of the vehicle 1. connected to a drive shaft 99 of the vehicle 1. When the internal combustion engine 4 is idling and when the vehicle 1 is stationary, the input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 rotates while the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 is stationary. The welding device 102 is deactivated so that the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 can rotate freely. As the input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 rotates, the first planet gear holder 50 will also rotate, which means that the first set of planet wheels 52 will rotate. Since the first planet wheel holder is connected to the second sun wheel 32, the second sun wheel 32 and thus also the second set of planet wheels 54 will rotate. By not supplying power to or withdrawing power from the first and second electrical machines 14 resp. 16, the first and second ring wheels 22 and 28, which are connected with resp. first and second rotor 24 resp. 30 at resp. electric machine 14 resp. 16 to rotate freely, whereby no torque is absorbed by the ring wheels 22 resp. 28. The first, second, third and guard coupling units 56, 58, 59 resp. 61 are disconnected and thus not employed. Thus, no torque will be transmitted from the internal combustion engine 4 to the planetary shafts 10 and 10, respectively. 12 sun wheels 26 resp. 32. The clutch mechanism 96 between the first major shaft 34 and the output shaft is disengaged so that the first major shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 can rotate freely in relation to each other. Since the sun wheels 26 resp. 32 and the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 at this stage is stationary, the side shaft 18 is also stationary. In a first step, the first gear 64 and the second gear 70 are coupled to the side shaft 18 by means of the first and second coupling elements 84 and 84, respectively. 86. The third gear 76 and the guard gear 82 are disengaged from the side shaft 18. This allows the third gear 76 and the guard gear 82 to rotate freely in relation to and the side shaft 18.
In order to start the rotation of the shaft 20 outgoing shaft 2 for the purpose of driving the vehicle 1, the first gear gear 62 and the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18 must be caused to rotate. This is accomplished by rotating the first sun gear 26. When the first sun gear 26 rotates, the first main shaft 34 will also rotate and thus also the first gear gear 62, which is arranged on the first main shaft 34. The first sun gear 26 is caused to rotate by the first ring wheel 22 being guided with it. first electric machine 14. By activating the first electric machine 14, the vehicle 1 begins to move by the first main shaft 34 starting to rotate. When the first planet gear holder 50 and the first sun gear 26 reach the same speed, the first sun gear 26 is fixed to the first planet wheel holder 50 by means of the first clutch unit 56. As mentioned above, the first clutch unit 56 is preferably designed so that the first sun wheel 26 and the first planetary gear carrier 50 mechanically engages with each other. Alternatively, the first clutch unit 56 may be formed as a slip brake or a disc clutch which softly connects the first sun gear 26 to the first planet wheel holder 50. When the first 19 sun wheel 26 is connected to the first planet wheel holder 50, the first sun wheel 26 will rotate with the same speed as the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4. on the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2, the vehicle 1 will thus begin to move and be propelled by the first gear.
The first, second, third and fourth gear pairs 60, 66, 72, 78 each have a gear ratio which is adapted to the desired driving characteristics of the vehicle 1. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the first gear pair 60 has the highest gear ratio in comparison with the second, third and fourth gear pairs 66, 72, 78, which means that the first gear pair 60 is engaged when the lowest gear is engaged. The third gear pair 72 opposite, like the first gear pair 60, torque between the first main shaft 34 and the side shaft 18, and could instead be made with the highest gear ratio compared to other gear pairs 66, 72, 78, so in such an embodiment it the third gear pair 72 would be engaged when the lowest gear is engaged.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18, the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18 will also rotate. Thereby, the side shaft 18 drives the second gear 70, which in turn drives the second gear gear 68 on the second main shaft 36. When the second main shaft 36 rotates, the second planet gear carrier 51 will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4 output shaft. 97 and thus the speed of the second planet gear holder 51, will cause the second ring gear 28 and the second rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the second electrical machine 16 to operate as a generator to supply power to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply power to the first electrical machine 14. Alternatively, the second electrical machine 16 can deliver a torque addition by the control unit 48 controls the second electric machine 16 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the first gear to the second gear, the loading between the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50 must cease, which is accomplished by controlling the first and / or the second electric machine 14, 16 so that torque balance lines in the the first planetary gear 10, after which the first clutch unit 56 is controlled so as to release the first sun gear 22 and the first planet gear holder 50 from each other. The second gear is engaged by activating the fourth clutch unit 61 so that the second ring gear 28 of the second planetary gear 12 is fixed to the gear housing 42. This can be accomplished by controlling the internal combustion engine 2 and the first and second electric machines 14, 16 torque to provide a desired torque on the output shaft 20 so that the rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 is braked to a standstill, after which the fourth clutch unit 61 is engaged, so that the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42 are mechanically connected to each other. Alternatively, the fourth clutch unit 61 may be formed as a slip brake or a disc clutch which softly connects the second ring gear 28 to the gear housing 42. By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 4 and of the second and first electric machines 14 and 14, respectively. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the first to the second gear can be performed.
The second main shaft 36 now rotates and is driven by the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 and the second main shaft 36 now drives the second gear gear 68. The second planetary gear holder 51 now drives the second gear gear 68 via the second main shaft 36. Since the second gear 70 is engaged with the second gear gear 68 and is engaged with the side shaft 18, the second gear 70 will drive the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the output shaft 20 of the gear shaft 2 via the sixth the gear 94, which is arranged on the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2, the vehicle 1 is now propelled by the second gear.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the second gear 70, the first gear 64 will also rotate. Thus, the side shaft 18 drives the first gear 64, which in turn drives the first gear 62 on the first main shaft 34. As the first main shaft 34 rotates, the first sun gear 26 will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4 output shaft. 97 and thus the speed of the first planetary gear carrier 50, will cause the first ring gear 22 and the first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the first electrical machine 14 to operate as a generator in order to supply electricity to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the second electrical machine 16 with electricity. Alternatively, the first electrical machine 14 may deliver a torque supplement by the control unit 48 controlling the first electric machine 14 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the second gear to the third gear, the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18 must be disengaged from the side shaft 18 with the first coupling element 84, so that the first gear 64 can rotate freely in relation to the side shaft 18. Then the side shaft 18 is coupled to the third gear 76 on the side shaft 18 through the third coupling element 88. To effect a coupling of the side shaft 18 and the third gear 76 on the side shaft 18, the first electric machine 14 is preferably controlled so that a synchronous variable occurs between the side shaft 18 and the third gear 76 on the side shaft 18. A synchronous speed can be determined by measuring the speed of the first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 and measuring the speed of the output shaft 20. Thus, the speed of the first main shaft 34 and the speed of the side shaft 18 can be determined by given gear ratios.
When a synchronous speed has occurred between the side shaft 18 and the third gear 76, the side shaft 18 and the third gear 76 are connected by means of the third clutch element 88. To carry out the shift from the second gear to the third gear, the load must be between the second ring gear 28 and the the second planet gear holder 51 ceases, which is achieved by controlling the first and / or the second electric machine 14, 16 so that torque balance lines in the second planetary gear 12, after which the fourth clutch unit 61 is controlled, so that it releases the second ring gear 28 and the second planetary gear holder 51 apart. The third gear is engaged by activating the first clutch unit 56 so that the first sun gear 26 of the first planetary gear 10 is secured to the first planet gear holder 50. This can be accomplished by controlling the internal combustion engine 2 and the first and second electric machines 14. 16 torque is controlled to achieve a desired torque on the output shaft 20, so that a synchronous speed occurs between the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50, after which the first coupling unit 56 is engaged, so that the first sun wheel 22 and the first planet wheel holder 50 are connected together. By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 4 and of the second and first electric machine 14 resp. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the second to the third gear can be performed.
The first main shaft 34 now rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 and the first main shaft 34 now drives the third gear 74 via the first main shaft 34. Since the third gear 76 engages the third gear 74 and is coupled to the side shaft 18, the third gear 76 will drive the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the output shaft 20 of the gear shaft 2 via the sixth gear 94, which is arranged on gear shaft 2 output shaft 20. The vehicle 1 is now propelled by the third gear.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the third gear 76 on the side shaft 18, the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18 will also rotate. Thereby, the side shaft 18 drives the second gear 70, which in turn drives the second gear gear 68 on the second main shaft 36. When the second main shaft 36 rotates, the second planet gear holder 51 will also rotate, thus depending on the speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine 4. 97 and thus the speed of the second planet gear holder 51, will cause the second ring gear 28 and the second rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the second electrical machine 16 to operate as a generator to supply power to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the first electrical machine 14 with power. Alternatively, the second electrical machine 16 can deliver a torque addition by the control unit 48 controls the second electric machine 16 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the third gear to the fourth gear, the second gear 70 must be disengaged from the side shaft 18 so that it can rotate freely in relation to the side shaft 18. Thereafter, the side shaft 18 is coupled to the fourth gear 82 by means of the fourth clutch member 90. to provide an interconnection of the side shaft 18 and the fourth gear 82, the second electric machine 16 is preferably controlled, so that a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the fourth gear 82. A synchronous speed can be determined by the speed of the second the rotor 30 of the second electrical machine 16 is measured and that the speed of the output shaft 20 is measured. Thus, the speed of the second main shaft 36 and the speed of the side shaft 18 can be determined by given gear ratios.
When a synchronous speed has occurred between the side shaft 18 and the fourth gear 82, the side shaft 18 and the fourth gear 82 are coupled by means of the fourth clutch element 90. To carry out the shift from the third gear to the fourth gear, the load must be between the first sun gear 26 and the the first planet gear carrier 50 ceases, which is achieved by controlling the first and / or the second electric machine 14, 16 so that the torque balance lines in the first planetary gear 10, after which the first clutch unit 56 is controlled, so that it releases the first sun gear 26 and the first planetary gear holder 50 apart. The fourth gear is engaged by activating the fourth clutch unit 61, so that the second ring gear 28 of the second planetary gear 12 is fixed to the gear housing 42. This can be achieved by controlling the internal combustion engine 4 and the first and second electric machines 14, 16 torque for to provide a desired torque on the output shaft 20, so that the second ring gear 28 becomes stationary in relation to the gear housing 42, after which the fourth coupling unit 61 is coupled, so that the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42 are connected to each other. By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 2 and of the first and second electric machine 14 resp. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the third to the fourth gear can be performed.
The second main shaft 36 is now driven by the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 and the second main shaft 36 now drives the fourth gear 80. Since the fourth gear 82 is engaged with the fourth gear 80 and is engaged with the side shaft 18, the fourth gear 82 will drive the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the output shaft 20 of the gear shaft 2 via the sixth gear 94, which is arranged on the output shaft of the gear shaft 2. The vehicle 1 is propelled now with the fourth gear.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the fourth gear 82, the third gear 76 on the side shaft 18 will also rotate. Thus, the side shaft 18 drives the third gear 76, which in turn drives the third gear 74 on the first main shaft 34. As the first main shaft 34 rotates, the first sun gear 26 will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4. output shaft 97 and thus the speed of the first planetary gear carrier 50, will cause the first ring gear 22 and the first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to make the first electrical machine 14 operate as a generator to supply electricity to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the second electrical machine 16 with electricity. Alternatively, the first electric machine 14 may deliver a torque supplement by the controller 48 controlling the first electric machine 14 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the fourth gear to the fifth gear, the third gear 76 must be disengaged from the side shaft 18 by means of the third clutch member 88, so that the third gear 76 can rotate freely in relation to the side shaft 18. Thereafter, the side shaft 18 is coupled to the first gear 64 through the first clutch member 84. To provide a coupling of the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64, the first electric machine 14 is preferably controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64. A synchronous speed 64. determined by measuring the speed of the first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 and measuring the speed of the output shaft 20, as described above.
When a synchronous speed has occurred between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64, the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64 are connected by means of the first clutch element 84. To perform the shift from the fourth gear to the fifth gear, the load must be between the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42, which is achieved by controlling the second electric machine 16 so that a torque equilibrium arises between the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42, after which the fourth clutch unit 61 is controlled so that it releases the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42 from each other. Torque equilibrium comprises partly a torque-free state and partly an abutting moment for the fourth clutch unit 61 to be continued in a state when it does not Wed & torque between the second ring wheel 28 and the gear housing 42, after which the third clutch unit 59 is activated and mechanically secures the first the ring gear 22 with the gear housing 42. Alternatively, the third clutch unit 59 may be formed as a slip brake or a disc clutch which softly connects the first ring gear 22 to the gear housing 42. By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 2 and of the second and first electric machine 14 resp. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the fifth to the sixth gear can be performed. When the first ring gear 22 is braked and loaded, the first set of planet gears 52 will drive the first sun gear 26, so that the first sun gear 26 rotates. Thus, the torque generated by the internal combustion engine 4 is transmitted to the shaft 20 output shaft 2 via the first gear drive 62, the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18, the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18 and the sixth gear 94 on the gear shaft shaft 20. now with the fifth gear.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18, the fourth gear 82 will also rotate. Thus, the side shaft 18 drives the fourth gear 82, which in turn drives the fourth gear 80 on the second main shaft 36. As the second main shaft 36 rotates, the second planet gear carrier Matt will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4 output shaft 97. and thus the speed of the second planet gear holder 51, will cause the second ring gear 28 and the second rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the second electrical machine 16 to operate as a generator to supply power to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the first electrical machine 14 with a storm. Alternatively, the second electrical machine 16 can deliver a torque addition by the control unit 48 controls the second electric machine 16 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the fifth gear to the sixth gear, the fourth gear 82 must be disengaged from the side shaft 18 so that it can rotate freely in relation to the side shaft 18. Thereafter, the side shaft 18 is coupled to the second gear 70 by means of the second clutch member 86. to provide an interconnection of the side shaft 18 and the second gear 70, the second electric machine 16 is preferably controlled, so that a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the second gear 70. A synchronous speed can be achieved as described above.
When a synchronous speed has occurred between the side shaft 18 and the second gear 70, the side shaft 18 and the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18 are coupled by means of the second coupling element 86. To carry out the shift from the fifth gear to the sixth gear, the load must be the first ring gear 22 and the gear housing 42 cease, which is achieved by controlling the first electric machine 14 so that a torque equilibrium arises between the first ring wheel 22 and the gear housing 42, after which the third clutch unit 59 is controlled so as to release the first ring wheel 22 and vaxelhuset 42 frail each other. The slate gear is engaged by activating the second clutch unit 58 so that the second sun gear 32 of the second planetary gear 12 is secured to the second planetary gear holder 51. This can be accomplished by controlling the internal combustion engine 2 and the first and second electric machines 14, 16 torque to achieve a desired torque on the output shaft 20, so that a synchronous speed occurs between the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51, after which the second coupling unit 58 is coupled, so that the second sun wheel 32 and the second planet wheel holder 51 are mechanically connected to each other. Alternatively, the second clutch unit 58 may be formed as a slip brake or a disc clutch which softly connects the second ring wheel 28 to the gear housing 42.
By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 2 and the second and first electric machine 14 resp. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the fifth to the sixth gear can be performed. The second main shaft 36 now drives the second gear gear 68. The second planet carrier 51 now drives the second gear gear 68 via the second main shaft 36. Since the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18 is engaged with the second gear gear 68 and is engaged with the side shaft 18 the second gear 70 will drive the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the output shaft 20 of the gear shaft 2 via the sixth gear 94, which is arranged on the gear shaft 2 output 5. single axle 20. Vehicle 1 is now propelled by the sixth gear.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the second gear 70, the life of the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18 will rotate. Thus, the side shaft 18 drives the first gear 64, which in turn drives the first gear 62 on the first main shaft 34. As the first main shaft 34 rotates, the first gear 26 will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4. output shaft 97 and the lower speed of the first planetary gear carrier 50, will cause the first ring gear 22 and the first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the first electrical machine 14 to operate as a generator in order to supply electricity to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the second electrical machine 16 with electricity. Alternatively, the first electrical machine 14 may deliver a torque supplement by the control unit 48 controlling the first electric machine 14 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the sixth gear to the seventh gear, the first gear 64 must be disengaged from the side shaft 18 with the first clutch member 84 so that the first gear 64 can rotate freely in relation to the side shaft 18. Thereafter, the first main shaft 34 is coupled to the output shaft. shaft 20 through the clutch mechanism 96. To provide an interconnection of the first major shaft 34 with the output shaft 20 through the clutch mechanism 96, the first electrical machine 14 is preferably controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the first major shaft 34 and the output shaft 20. A synchronous speed can be achieved as described above.
When a synchronous speed has occurred between the first main shaft 34 and the output shaft 20, the first main shaft 34 is coupled to the output shaft 20 through the clutch mechanism 96. Alternatively, the clutch mechanism 96 may be a slip clutch. In order to carry out the shifting from the sixth gear to the seventh gear, the loading between the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51 must cease, which is achieved by controlling the first and / or the second electric machine 14, 16 so that torque balance rows in the second planetary gear 12, after which the second clutch unit 58 is controlled, so that it releases the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51 from each other. The seventh gear is engaged by activating the first clutch unit 56 so that the first sun gear 26 of the first planetary gear 10 is secured with the first planet gear holder 50.
This can be achieved by speed-controlling the internal combustion engine 2 and torque-controlling the first and second electric machines 14, 16 to achieve a desired torque on the output shaft 20, so that a synchronous speed occurs between the first sun gear 22 and the first planet gear holder 50, after which the first clutch assembly 56 is engaged so that the first sun gear 22 and the first planet gear holder 50 are connected to each other. By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 4 and of the first and second electric machine 14 resp. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the eighth to the ninth gear can be performed.
The first main shaft 34 now drives the output shaft 20 via the clutch mechanism 96. The vehicle 1 is now propelled by the seventh gear.
The side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the sixth gear 94 on the output shaft 20. This means that the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18 will also rotate. Thereby, the side shaft 18 drives the second gear 70, which in turn drives the second gear gear 68 on the second main shaft 36. When the second main shaft 36 rotates, the second planet gear carrier 51 will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4 output shaft. 97 and thus the speed of the second planet gear holder 51, will cause the second ring gear 28 and the second rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the second electrical machine 16 to operate as a generator to supply electricity to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the second electrical machine 16 with electricity. Alternatively, the second electrical machine 16 may deliver a torque supplement by the control unit 48 controlling the second electrical machine 16 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the seventh gear to the eighth gear, the second gear 70 must be disengaged from the side shaft 18 sh so that it can rotate freely in relation to the side shaft 18. Metier connects the side shaft 18 to the fourth gear 82 by means of the fourth coupling element 90. To provide an interconnection of the side shaft 18 and the fourth gear 82, the second electric machine 16 is preferably controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the fourth gear 82. A synchronous speed can be achieved as described above.
When a synchronous speed has occurred between the side shaft 18 and the fourth gear 82, the side shaft 18 and the fourth gear 82 are connected by means of the fourth clutch element 90. To carry out the shift from the seventh gear to the eighth gear, the load must be between the first sun gear 26 and the the first planet gear carrier 50 ceases, which is achieved by controlling the first and / or the second electric machine 14, 16 so that the torque balance lines in the first planetary gear 10, after which the first clutch unit 56 is controlled, so that it releases the first sun gear 26 and the first planetary gear holder 50 apart. The eighth gear is engaged by activating the second clutch unit 58 so that the second sun gear 32 of the second planetary gear 12 is fixed to the second planet gear holder 51. This can be accomplished by controlling the internal combustion engine 4 so that a synchronous speed occurs between the second sun gear 32. and the second planet gear holder 51, after which the second clutch unit 58 is engaged, so that the second sun gear 32 and the second planet wheel holder 51 are connected to each other. By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 2 and of the first and second electric machine 14 resp. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the seventh to the eighth gear can be performed.
The second main shaft 36 now drives the fourth gear 80. Since the fourth gear 82 is engaged with the fourth gear 80 and is engaged with the side shaft 18, the fourth gear 82 will drive the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side gear 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the output shaft of the gear shaft 2 via the sixth gear 94, which is arranged on the output shaft 20 of the gear clamp 2. The vehicle 1 is now propelled with the gear shaft.
Since the clutch mechanism 96 is engaged, the output shaft will drive the first main shaft 34. When the first main shaft 34 rotates, the first sun gear 26 will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 and thus the speed of the first planetary gear holder 50. , will cause the first ring gear 22 and the first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the first electrical machine 14 to operate as a generator in order to supply electricity to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the second electrical machine 16 with electricity. Alternatively, the first electric machine 14 may deliver a torque supplement by the controller 48 controlling the first electric machine 14 to provide propulsive torque.
According to the embodiment above, it is stated that the gearbox 2 comprises on main shafts 34, 36 resp. side shafts 18 provide gear gears 62, 68, 74, 80 and gears 64, 70, 76, 82 to transmit speed and torque. However, it is possible to use another type of transmission, such as chain and belt transmissions to transmit speeds and torques in the gearbox 2.
According to the exemplary embodiment above, the transmission device 19 has four gear pairs 60, 66, 72, 78. However, the transmission device 19 may comprise any number of gear pairs.
As described above, torque is taken from the gearbox 2 from the output shaft 20. It is also possible to take torque directly from the first or second main shaft 34, 36 or directly from the side shaft 18. Torque can also be taken in parallel from two or all three shafts 18, 34, 36 simultaneously.
Fig. 6 shows a flow chart of a method for controlling the gearbox 2 according to the invention. The method according to the invention can be characterized by the steps: to control the first and / or the second electrical machine 14, 16 in order to achieve torque balance in the respective planetary gear 10, 12, and in order to achieve synchronous speed between two rotatable components 22, 26, 50 ; 28, 32, 51 of the first or second planetary gear 10, 12; and controlling a first or second controllable coupling unit 56, 58 to interconnect the two rotatable components 22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51 of the first or second planetary gear 10, 12 reach synchronous speed between the two rotatable components 22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51 and to disengage the two rotatable components 22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51 of the first or second planetary gear 10, 12 when torque balance in the respective planetary gear 10, 12 has been achieved. The method can be further characterized by the further steps: c) controlling the first or second electric machine 14, 16 to achieve a synchronous speed or said torque equilibrium racier between one of the rotatable components 22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51 of the first or second planetary gear shaft 10, 12 and a gear housing 42; and d) controlling a third or fourth steerable coupling unit 59, 61 for interconnecting or disengaging the rotatable component 22, 26, 50 of the first or second planetary gear 10, 12; 28, 32, 51 with the gear housing 42.
According to further steps of the process, an internal combustion engine 4 connected to the input shaft 8 is controlled, so that the speed and / or the torque of the first and the second main shaft 34, 36 are affected.
According to further steps of the method, in steps a) and c) electrical energy is generated with one electrical machine 14, 16 to drive the other electrical machine 14, 16.
According to further steps of the method, the first and second electrical machines 14, 16 are controlled, so that the torque of the first and second main shafts 34, 36 is constant or changes continuously.
Thus, shifting can be obtained without torque interruption in that the torque of the output shaft 20 is constant or changes continuously, for example when accelerating and decelerating the vehicle 1.
The stated method thus comprises all gear steps corresponding to all the gear switches completed in the embodiment above.
According to the invention, there is provided a computer program P, which may include routines for controlling the gearbox 2 according to the present invention.
The computer program P may include routines for controlling the first or second electrical machine 14, 16 to achieve a synchronous speed or so that torque balance lines between two rotatable components 22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51 of the first or second planetary gear 10. The computer program P may include routines for controlling a first or second controllable switching unit 56, 58 for connecting or disengaging the two rotatable components 22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51 of the first or second planetary gear 10, 12.
The computer program P may include routines for controlling the first or second electrical machine 14, 16 to achieve a synchronous speed or so that torque balance lines between one of the rotatable components 22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51 of the first or second planetary gear 31, 12 and a gear housing 42. The computer program P may comprise routines for controlling a third or fourth controllable coupling unit 59. 61 for connecting or disengaging it of the first or second planetary gear 10, 12 rotatable components 22, 26, 50; 28, 32. 51 with the gear housing 42.
The computer program P may comprise routines for controlling an internal combustion engine 4 connected to the input shaft 8, so that the speed and / or the torque of the first and the second main shaft 34, 36 are affected.
The computer program P may comprise routines for generating electrical energy in steps a) and c) with one electrical machine 14, 16 for operating the other electrical machine 14, 16.
The computer program P may include routines for controlling the first and second electrical machines 14, 16, so that the torque of the first and second main shafts 34, 36 is constant or changes continuously.
The program P may be stored in an executable manner or in a compressed manner in a memory M and / or in a read / write memory R. The program code may be non-volatile stored in the name of a computer 53 readable medium.
The invention also relates to a computer program product comprising a program code stored on a medium readable by a computer for performing the above step steps, when said program code is crossed on the control unit 48 or another computer 53 connected to the control unit 48.
The specified components and features as set forth above may be combined within the scope of the invention with various embodiments. 32

权利要求:
Claims (22)
[1]
Gearbox comprising an input shaft (8) and an output shaft (20); a first planetary shaft (10) coupled to the input shaft (8); a second planetary gear (12) coupled to the first planetary gear (10); a first electric machine (14) coupled to the first planetary gear (10); a second electrical machine (16) coupled to the second planetary gear (12); a first major axis (34) coupled to the first planetary axis (10); a second main shaft (36) coupled to the second planetary shaft (12), characterized in that a first controllable coupling unit (56) is arranged to releasably connect two rotatable components (22, 26, 50) of the first planetary shaft (10). ; and that a second controllable coupling unit (58) is arranged to releasably connect two rotatable components (28, 32, 51) of the second planetary shaft (12), so that the speed and / or the torque of the first and the second main shaft (34, 36) can be actuated by controlling the first and / or the second coupling unit (56, 58) to a position connected or disengaged for the rotatable components (22, 26, 50, 28, 32, 51).
[2]
Gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that a third controllable coupling unit (59) is arranged to releasably interconnect a component (22, 26, 50) rotatable in the first planetary gear (10) and a gearbox housing (42) with each other; and that a fourth controllable coupling unit (61) is arranged to releasably connect a component (28, 32, 51) rotatable in the second planetary gear (12) and a gear housing (42) to each other, so that the speed and / or the torque of the first and the second main shaft (34, 36) can be actuated by controlling the third and / or the fourth coupling unit (56, 58) to a position connected or disengaged for the rotatable components (22, 26, 50, 28, 32, 51). .
[3]
Gearbox according to claim 2, characterized in that the third coupling unit (59) is arranged to releasably connect a first ring gear (22) and a gear housing (42) arranged at the first planetary gear (10) to each other; and that the fourth coupling unit (58) is arranged to releasably connect a second ring gear (28) and a gear housing (42) arranged at the second planetary gear (10) to each other. 33
[4]
Gearbox according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first planetary gear holder (50) of the first planetary gear (10) is connected to a second sun gear (32) of the second planetary gear (12); that a first sun gear (26) of the first planetary axis (10) is connected to the first major axis (34); and that a second planet gear holder (51) of the second planetary shaft (12) is connected to the second major shaft (36);
[5]
Gearbox according to hay 4, characterized in that the first coupling unit (56) is arranged to releasably couple the first sun gear (26) to the first planet gear holder (50); and that the second coupling unit (58) is arranged to releasably couple the second sun gear (32) to the second planet gear holder (51).
[6]
Gearbox according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the input shaft (8) is connected to the first planetary gear carrier (50).
[7]
Gearbox according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a coupling mechanism (96) is arranged between the first main shaft (34) and the output shaft (20).
[8]
A gearbox according to any preceding hay, characterized in that a first pair of gear shafts (60) is arranged between the first planetary gear shaft (10) and the output shaft (20); and that a second pair of shaft shafts (66) is arranged between the second planetary shaft (12) and the output shaft (20).
[9]
Gearbox according to claim 8, characterized in that the first gear pair (60) comprises a first gear gear (62) in engagement with each other and a first gear (64), which first gear (62) is fixedly arranged with the first main shaft ( 34) and which first gear (64) is connectably and disengageably mounted on a side shaft (18); that the second gear pair (66) comprises a second gear gear (68) and a second gear (70) in engagement with each other, which second gear gear (68) is fixedly arranged with the second main shaft (36) and which second gear (70) is connectable and disconnectable mounted on the side shaft (18); and that the side shaft (18) is connected to the output shaft (20). 34
[10]
Gearbox according to claim 9, characterized by a third pair of gears (72) arranged between the first planetary gear shaft (10) and the output shaft (20), which third gear pair (72) comprises a third gear gear (74) engaged with each other. ) and a third gear (76), the third gear (74) being fixedly mounted on the first major shaft (34) and the third gear (76) being coupled and disconnectable on the side shaft (18); and a fourth gear pair (78) disposed between the second planetary shaft (12) and the output shaft (20); said fourth gear pair (78) comprising a mating fourth gear (80) and a fourth gear (82), said fourth gear (80) being fixedly disposed with the second major shaft (36) and said fourth gear (82) is arranged and detachably mounted on the side shaft (18).
[11]
Gearbox according to one of Claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the side shaft (18) is connected to the output shaft (20) via an end shaft.
[12]
Gearbox according to claim 11, characterized in that the end gear comprises a fifth gear (92) arranged on the side shaft (18) and a sixth gear (94) fixedly mounted on the output shaft (20); and that the fifth and seventh gears (92, 94) are engaged with each other.
[13]
Gearbox according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the first, second, third and fourth gears (64, 70, 76, 82) are connectably and disconnectably arranged on the side shaft (18) with first, second, third and third gears, respectively. fourth coupling element (84, 86, 88, 90).
[14]
Gearbox according to claim 3, characterized in that a first rotor (24) of the first electric machine (14) is connected to the first ring gear (22); and that a second rotor (30) of the second electric machine (16) is connected to the second ring gear (28).
[15]
Vehicle (1), characterized in that it comprises a gearbox (2) according to any one of the preceding claims.
[16]
A method of controlling a gearbox (2) comprising an input shaft (8) and an output shaft (20); a first planetary shaft (10) coupled to the input shaft (8); a second planetary TV shaft (12) coupled to the first planetary radio shaft (10); a first electric machine (14) coupled to the first planetary gear (10); a second electrical machine (16) coupled to the second planetary gear (12); a first major axis (34) coupled to the first planetary axis (10); a second main shaft (36) coupled to the second planetary shaft (12), characterized by the steps of: a) controlling the first and / or the second electric machine (14, 16) in order to achieve torque balance of the first or the second the planetary gear (10, 12), part s for providing synchronous speed between two rotatable components (22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51) of the first or second planetary gear (10, 12); and b) controlling a first or second controllable coupling unit (56, 58) for interconnecting the two rotatable components (22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51) of the first or second planetary gear (10, 12) at synchronous speed between the two rotatable components (22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51) and to disengage the two rotatable components (22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51) of the first or second planetary gear (10, 12). ) when torque balance in the respective planetary gear (10, 12) has been achieved.
[17]
A method according to claim 1, characterized by the further steps: c) controlling the first or second electrical machine (14, 16) to achieve torque equilibrium between one of the rotatable components (22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51) of the first or second planetary gear (10, 12) and a gear housing (42); and d) controlling a third or fourth controllable coupling unit (59, 61) for coupling or disengaging the component (22, 26, 50; 28, 32, 51) rotatable of the first or second planetary gear (10, 12) with the gear housing (42).
[18]
18. A method according to any one of the provisions 16-17, characterized by the further step: controlling an internal combustion engine (4) connected to the input shaft (8), so that the speed and / or torque of the first and second main shafts ( 34, 36) paverkas.
[19]
19. A method according to any one of the claims 16-18, characterized in that in steps a) and c): generating electrical energy with one electrical machine (14, 16) to drive the other electrical machine (14, 16).
[20]
20. A method according to any one of the provisions 16-19, characterized in that the first and second electrical machines (14, 16) are controlled, so that the torque of the first and second main axes (34, 36) is constant or changes continuously. 36
[21]
A computer program (P) for controlling a gearbox, wherein any computer program (P) comprises a program code for causing an electronic control unit (48) or another computer (53) connected to the electronic control unit (48) to perform the steps according to any of claims 16-20.
[22]
A computer program product comprising a program code stored on a computer readable medium for performing the method steps of any of claims 16-20, when said program code is crossed on an electronic control unit (48) or another computer (53) connected to the electronic the control unit (48). 1/6 / ((CD CD 1- El ILA] Id I d 11A1 1: 1 217 66 61- C2 86 86 1701- 1- L6 09 42 8 102 10 26

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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KR20150135787A|2015-12-03|

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EP2978624B1|2019-05-22|

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CN105246725B|2018-06-08|

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BR112015024690A2|2017-07-18|

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CN105246725A|2016-01-13|

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US10767736B2|2020-09-08|

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EP2978624A1|2016-02-03|

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US20160053864A1|2016-02-25|

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KR101718457B1|2017-03-21|

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WO2014158075A1|2014-10-02|

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RU2633039C2|2017-10-11|

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US10400862B2|2019-09-03|

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SE538189C2|2016-03-29|

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RU2015145828A|2017-05-12|

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EP2978624A4|2016-12-14|

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US20190338835A1|2019-11-07|

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法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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SE1350393A|SE1350393A1|2013-03-27|2013-03-27|Gearbox, vehicles with such gearbox, method for controlling such gearbox, computer program for controlling such gearbox, and a computer software product comprising program code|

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SE1450307A|SE538189C2|2013-03-27|2014-03-20|Gearbox, vehicles with such gearbox, method for controlling such gearbox, computer program for controlling such gearbox, and a computer software product comprising program code|SE1450307A| SE538189C2|2013-03-27|2014-03-20|Gearbox, vehicles with such gearbox, method for controlling such gearbox, computer program for controlling such gearbox, and a computer software product comprising program code|